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White Papers

The Impact of the WEEE Directive for Professional Markets

Paper by Dr. ir Harold Krikke, Open University, The Netherlands
Advances in technologies, shortening life cycles and globalisation of economies have led to a massive growth of discarded consumer electronics products. In Europe alone, the annual volume of e-waste generated is estimated around 6-7 million tons per year (INSEAD, 2004). Therefore, quite a few national recovery systems are already in place for years, for example in the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden. According to the Directive 2002/96/EC (European Commission, 2003) of the European Union on Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE), all EU member states must have an operational End Of Life recovery system as of August 13, 2005 (EU, 2003).

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Quantifying the Business Cost of Independent Repair Vendors and their Impact on Service Quality in the Telecommunications Industry

White Paper by Michael Blumberg, Blumberg Advisory Group, Inc.

The aftermarket services industry has experienced an increased level of competition in recent years as the result of the emergence of independent repair vendor (IRV) providers. These organizations have made an attempt to gain market share from OEM repair organizations by offering repair services and refurbished products at competitive prices, which maybe as much as 10% to 30% lower than the same services offered by the OEM. One of the most often cited benefits by IRVs for using their services is the potential cost savings to the customer. To counter this competitive threat, OEMs have promoted that quality and support for the duration of the equipment life increases cost and is reflected in their service fees. In essence, OEM repair organizations, who view aftermarket services as a profitable business, have been known to make claims that IRVs do not possess the same capabilities and resources as the OEM, and thus, do not offer them same quality levels of service which in turn is more costly to the customer in the long run.

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Eco-Footprints in Closed Loop Supply Chains

Paper by Dr. ir Harold Krikke, Open University, The Netherlands
Many people associate the area with greening supply chains and environmental legislation. Indeed, EU legislators increasingly hold original supply chain players responsible for the collection and recovery of product's once they have reached their final life cycle, and also legislation with respect to the use of hazardous contents and extended consumer warranty rights. As part of this, EU member states have to follow guidelines for implementation of European environmental policies. A number of so-called priority waste streams have been defined and directives are in force, amongst which packaging (1994/1999), Vehicles (2000) and Waste of Electrical and Electronical Equipment (WEEE) (submitted 2001). In preparation are directives for demolition waste, tires, health care waste and hazardous waste. There are also special directives to reduce or prevent landfill and incineration (1994/1999) and reduction or ban of waste transportation (1994/2007).

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